Religion:

There are three main types of religious practices in the communities; Christian, Islam and traditional religion. Christianity and Islam were introduced to the people after their settlement in the area. The importance of each religion in the area seems to be related to how early it was introduced to the people. Christianity (Catholic, Baptist, Presbyterians, and Full Gospel etc) Islam and Animism constitute the main religious bodies in this council area. With the advent of the Christianity and Islam, traditional religion has adopted a different role and form. Many Christians and Moslems continue to respect ancestral worships and other ancient beliefs alongside their modern religions. This therefore implies that more than 40% of the populations living within the Bamenda II council area still consult their ancestors through tradi-practitioners which cannot go without offering sacrifice to the oracles.

Christianity: Christianity is the largest religious body introduced from foreign culture. It is practised in all the villages of the council area and the people have adopted various denominations. It has equally contributed to the development trend in the various communities like opening of schools and hospitals.

Islam: Islam is strong especially in Ntambag (Old Town). It was brought in by the Hausa and the Fulani. Unlike the Christian denominations, Islam has been slow in bringing in aspects of development such as schools, health facilities, etc. Emphasis has rather been on spiritual life.

Traditional Religion:  Characteristics:
- It is mainly based on the worship of ancestors
- Sacrifices like animals, wine, and other aspects are made to these gods
- The gods have shrines which may be at the level of the family compound, the lineage compound, or controlled by the Chief in some locations in the area
- The Chief is considered as a chief priest, a link between the living and the ancestors. This position holds same with the situation of the lineage compound where the Quarter Head is the chief priest.

Ancestral worship goes with shrines where sacrifices are performed. Sacrifices are generally intended to appease vengeful or angry ancestors who might have heaped curses on the people or individual. It may also be intended to solicit for abundant harvest, rains, high fecundity, victory in war, or any other intention. Even if the Chief has been converted into another faith, he must perform these traditional rites, and believe in them.

In the municipality, remnants of traditional religion are reminiscent in certain practices and beliefs:
- The act of going to soothsayers to find out the cause of death of a relative with the belief that death could not have come naturally.
- The belief that if certain rituals are not performed on the death of a relative, the deceased will become vengeful
- The belief that angry ancestors would cause death, sickness, and ill-luck.

The influence of traditional religion and Christianity on the same community has resulted in a situation where fervent Christians are torn between total belief in Christ and belief in certain anti-Christian traditional beliefs.

Social Stratification:

These are social organizations or structures to facilitate living together to uphold their societal values. As such two types of strata can be identified: - the traditional and the political or government administrative structure.

The traditional structure consists of a system of living together or managing the indigenes as inherited from generations and this flows from the tribes down to the village set-up. The government administrative structure respects the organigramme set-up by the constitution of Cameroon, where there is the SDO for Mezam and followed by the D.O for Bamenda II Subdivision with its administrative seat in Mankon.

Conflicts:

Since the settlement of the population in this area, inter-village conflicts have been experienced. These conflicts have led to loss of property and lives. The conflicts generally develop from one of the following reasons; boundary disputes, chieftaincy problems and
internally from farmers’/grazer disputes.